Wednesday, August 29, 2012

Identity Unit Post 5

"Interpreter of Maladies"
Jhumpa Lahiri

Number 7

In the beginning of the story, Mr. Kapasi began to admire Mrs. Das. He imagined them having a relationship after she returned to the United States through letters. They felt comfortable around each other. Mrs. Das reveals a deep, guilt-ridden secret to Mr. Kapasi because of the confidence. Although it must have felt good to tell someone her secret, it shoves a barrier between the two. This function is supposed to create  a cultural barrier in between the heritage of America and that of India. Although they are both unhappy in their marriages, Mrs. Das and Mr. Kapasi provide different solutions to their predicament. Mr. Kapasi realizes the horrors of American marriages. Having an affair, Mrs. Das's son is not her husband's son: "Raj's. He's not Raj's son (Lahiri, 161)". In the United States, affairs occur many times over affairs in India although they have the right to choose whomever they marry instead of having it arranged. It baffles Kapasi that this event could occur since he has never seen his wife nude. Hitherto, Kapasi wanted a relationship, but now, he wants to create a barrier. He like the readers do not feel sympathy because they see it mostly from the Indian perspective. 

Identity Unit Post 4

"Everyday Use"
Alice Walker
Round Character

In this short story, the most striking details were the names that were used for Dee, Asalamalakim, Wangero or Miss Wangero- the round character. These three different names describe three different perspectives in the same person. Ac costumed to obtaining every desire, Dee lived with everything at her disposal. She knew that if she asked and if it was in the mother's power, she would acquire said piece. In this case, Dee demanded something close to Maggie's heart, the quilts of her grandmother. Dee once".. told me they were old-fashioned, out of style (Walker, 180)"; however, they were not too antique for Asalamalakim or Wangero, the two culturally proud perspectives. They wanted the quilts because they were "priceless"- hand stitched and full of beauty. The quilts demonstrated the beauty of their heritage, and the Dee perspective simply must have them. When her mother denied Dee the quilt, she named her "Miss Wangero (180)". This formal name denotes that the mother saw a barrier between her daughter and her. She could not say Dee anymore because she was lost in the fad of the importance of culture.

Identity Unit 3: Post 3

Literary Technique:
"Dream Deferred"
Langston Hughes

Hughes writes many similes and one metaphor within his poem. Each object that he utilizes as a reference is familiar and has an ideal opposite. He likens his deferred dreams to raisins, sores, rotten meat, a crusty sweet, and a load, which all have negative connotations. People would rather eat grapes than raisins typically, fresh meat instead of rotten, and a sugary sweet rather than a crusty one. These images create vivid imagery, which is not very pleasant. When unrealized dreams come to the forefront of a person's brain, he may acknowledge the better opportunities. However, like in this poem, the person excessively ponders his misfortune. He had an idea in the beginning, which in the context is civil rights for African Americans, yet they procrastinated in receiving their rights fully. Their dreams kept being deferred by compromises until the Civil Rights Movement. "Or does it explode" demonstrates that they did explode.  They are the dynamite in the situation, finally acquiring the rights they were promised.

Identity Unit Post 2

Literary Technique: structure and syntax

"Mr. Z"
M. Carl Holman

In this poem, the structure attributes greatly to the aspect of culture for whites. They tend to have long, convoluted sentences and syntactical structures. So too, in "Mr.Z", this formation occurs. He attempts to elude his race his entire life. Mr. Z tried assiduously accept the white culture. For example, he marries an Episcopalian woman, ate the right foods of "vintage wines, sauces and salads", and agreed "Whatever ground was Anglo Saxonized.(Holman)." He was very educated due to his utilization of punctuation. This coalition of structure and syntax relays the idea that he determined at a young age to change who he was. However, after his death, he could not stop the writers from saying he was distinguished in his race. Although his education and qualities exhibit the white culture, they would not own him within their community.

Identity Unit Post 1

Literary Technique: repetition ("Hazel Tells Laverne")
Katharyn Howd Machan

Within the poem, "Hazel Tells Laverne", Hazel weaves a story very similar to the legend The Princess and the Frog although Hazel recants the story a tad bit differently. Instead of kissing the frog, she shoves him back into the toilet from which he came. Afterwards, she repeats this line "Me a princess (Machan)". Hazel cannot believe that she could change her life so dramatically and quickly. She shunned away from the change because it was too ridiculous to even consider. Her means of speaking depict a woman with an uneducated background. Coupled with her job at a howard johnsons demonstrates the hardships with money that Hazel faced during her life. She was accustomed to working for her food. She could not accept the fact that kissing a frog, even if it was in a toilet, could alter her world forevermore. This connection of repetition denotes the theme. Sometimes, an opportunity to change one's life rears its head, yet a person denies the chance because it seems too far-fetched to believe or even consider it as an option.

Sunday, August 19, 2012

Perrine article


           As I read this article by Perrine, I realized what I already knew. My interpretations of the poems differed drastically from what the poets tried to interpose into my mind. I totally missed the Whitman’s piece about the stars. Although in retrospect, my mind acknowledges the poem’s significance, and it seems to be smacking me in the face. I realized two intertwined concepts in every single poem listed along with Whitman’s: detail and word choice. They play a key role in the interpretations. For example, Whitman’s poem, coupled with Melville’s, forces the reader to think predominately of actual war. However, they are completely different through their detail. Melville explains actual war: a loud, confused battle; whereas, Whitman describes the army with their “clarions mute”. This striking characteristic should have lead to alarms because an army could not be mute; there must be some other significance.  
            Always having trouble with poetry, I find Perrine’s article insightful and helpful. He states plethora things to consider while reading poetry. Firstly, if all of the details do not fit an image or brings in assumptions, the significance created is not the proper meaning. That helps me a lot. I usually assumed details in each poem, such as, the wind in Dickinson’s. Secondly, Perrine maintains that sometimes poetry has one meaning like for Dickinson or many like for Blake. When symbols are utilized, the significance broadens. There are still some definite lines that cannot be crossed, but there is room for movement. In Dickinson’s piece, restricted by the word choice, the image viewed is that of clouds at sunset because all the puzzle pieces fit. Conversely, Blake ambiguously describes a rose and worm. They mean so many concepts, but the worm is always bad and the rose signifies a good idea.  

Sunday, August 12, 2012


House of Mirth by Edith Wharton
Before and while I read this book, my classmates told me the stupidity of Lily Bart, the horrible ending, and the ludicrous situations Lily placed herself. I agree mostly with their comments, especially as I started reading. Then, I started to relate with Miss Lily. Sometimes, I follow the path that is placed in front of me instead of what I wanted. She felt pressured into marrying rich; however, she could not find it in herself to accept the various offers. It was not what she wanted. Every time that she got close to marriage, she realized that the proposer who wanted her hand was not in reality who she wanted. I am not trying to vindicate Lily’s actions because she has made so many mistakes. She consciously made bad decisions, but she could not have predicted the harsh repercussions. Sometimes, life runs away from us, and we stay doubled over until we catch our breath.

House of Mirth by Edith Wharton

“I have kept her [the old Lily Bart] with me all this time, but now we are going to part, and I have brought her back to you (Wharton, 251)…”

So many things could have occurred during this conversation between Lily and Selden. He could have professed his love. Lily could have asked Selden what he thought of her. Instead, she thought the romance extinguished with the rise of the rumors. Sometimes, an opportunity stares a person straight in the face, yet he is too afraid or foolish to take advantage of it. He saw the self-loathing and destructive state that Lily was in, yet he did not tell her anything. He stood there, allowing her to leave him forever. Although she ultimately dies, Lily made some very important progress. She denied her fancy lifestyle that she could no longer afford. She consented willingly to her new life. It is a good resolution but the price of the decision weighed heavily on her heart. She overdosed completing the resolution of the story.

House of Mirth by Edith Wharton

“I won’t go into what’s happened. I don’t believe the stories about you - I don’t want to believe them. But they’re there, and my not believing them ain’t gong to alter the situation (Wharton, 207).”

Gossiping is always a factor in high society. It demolished Lily’s reputation with the aid of Bertha Dorset. It’s a reoccurring theme. Because of the rumors, Lily finds herself in a dramatic turn for the worst. She cannot live in high society anymore, and her last hope to stay there refused her. Rumors can kill a person’s status. Lily could not defend herself when her friends deserted her and her economic standing deteriorated. In real life, gossip still flies in the schools, neighborhoods, and work offices. These rumors can alienate people or make them heroes without the person ever doing such a thing in the first place. People find ways to bend an action out of proportion, and the rumored person finds it difficult to regain his credibility.   

House of Mirth by Edith Wharton

“I won’t go into what’s happened. I don’t believe the stories about you - I don’t want to believe them. But they’re there, and my not believing them ain’t gong to alter the situation (Wharton, 207).”

Gossiping is always a factor in high society. It demolished Lily’s reputation with the aid of Bertha Dorset. It’s a reoccurring theme. Because of the rumors, Lily finds herself in a dramatic turn for the worst. She cannot live in high society anymore, and her last hope to stay there refused her. Rumors can kill a person’s status. Lily could not defend herself when her friends deserted her and her economic standing deteriorated. In real life, gossip still flies in the schools, neighborhoods, and work offices. These rumors can alienate people or make them heroes without the person ever doing such a thing in the first place. People find ways to bend an action out of proportion, and the rumored person finds it difficult to regain his credibility.   

House of Mirth by Edith Wharton
“She [Lily] had paled a little under the shock of the insult, but the discomposure of the surrounding faces was not reflected in her own (Wharton, 176).”
                The antagonist, Bertha, has foiled Lily one too many times. Both have similar qualities; they want to stay in the high class world. They flirt with men. However, they have many different qualities. Beautiful and outgoing, Lily is the center of attention in Europe; whereas, everyone views Bertha as dull and unappealing. One quality sets Bertha apart. She has what Lily wants, a comfortable home with a rich husband. Bertha uses Lily when she sees the time fit; however, now is one of those times where she has had enough. Jealousy of Lily’s success in Europe and her failing marriage pushed Bertha Dorset off the edge. Her life was unraveling as Dorset started to demand a divorce. However, Mrs. Dorset, clever and conniving, threw all the guilt onto Miss Bart. She blamed her for getting in between her husband and her. George Dorset always liked jealousy, and knowing this, Bertha tried to save her marriage. To do so, she exiled Lily, who could not return to the yacht. Although this curve ball was thrown, Lily held her composure. Both knew how to play the game of manipulation well. In this case, Lily lost horribly. Afterwards, the news that Lily tried to break the bond of marriage spread. Her friends separated from her, and Mrs. Peniston took her out of the will. 

I am a little confused with the situation in which Miss Bart finds herself. Leaving her niece out of the main portion of the will, Mrs. Peniston died and left her estate to Grace. I realize that the family does not see eye to eye on most situations, but they are family. They should take care of Lily until she finds a way to help herself. Instead, they kicked her out of her house. She lives with Gerty for a short time. Now, she aids the Gormers in Alaska because her family “have unanimously washed their hands” of Lily (Wharton 191). How can a family kick out a family member in a time of need? They could have disallowed her from going out or made her take flirters anonymous. However, they kicked her out without a second thought.  

House of Mirth by Edith Wharton
“Why, the beginning was in my cradle, I suppose- in the way I was brought up, and the things I was taught to care for (Wharton, 183).”
            The effect of setting ties into the truth of this quote from Miss Lily Bart. Her mother and her society taught her from a young age the path to material happiness. She needed to marry young while she still had her beauty and marry rich. New York has superfluous showings of their riches, and tied with the good terms of the stock market, the rich gained more money than ever. They loved to flout their wealth through gambling and travelling abroad for months at a time. A respectable woman fell into suit with the others in this respect. They played bridge and married for money. As in today’s society, Americans have a social future that we fall into line. We find going to college, marrying, and having a family as the way to sublime happiness, but is it the way for everyone? No, it is not. Miss Bart suffers from the inflexibility of her time period as most people do of this era.

House of Mirth by Edith Wharton
“Hold me, Gerty, hold me, or I shall think of things,” she moaned, and Gerty silently slipped an arm under her, pillowing her head in its hollow as a mother makes a nest for a tossing child.”
            Wharton has made many references about Lily in this chapter. She equates her to a child. I find that this is to gain support of the readers. Children gain sympathy easily. Their innocence cloaks any wrong that they incurred. Through the similes of a child, the author tries to gain sympathy for Miss Bart. Lily Bart has created an abyss of misery and woe for herself because of the flirtatious encounters with Trenor. Now, Trenor feels she needs to fill certain obligations. She realizes her mistakes too late. The situation terrifies her that she cannot breathe. She feels her small world crumbling once again on top of her.   

House of Mirth by Edith Wharton

"...and her mind clung to them as a sick person might cling to a healing relic (Wharton, 141)."
When I was younger, I read Sadako and the 1000 Paper Cranes for school. A doctor diagnoses a Japanese girl with cancer due to the atom bomb dropping more than thirty years ago. Only fourteen, she believes that she has much more life to live. She hears of a story of the 1000 paper cranes, an old Japanese legend that states if a person makes 1000 origami cranes, she will acquire one wish. As her health deteriorates, she makes these cranes in hopes to save herself; however, she dies beforehand. I relate this novel to the predicament of Lily. Instead of physical sickness, she has mental instability. She needs a miracle like the 1000 cranes to save her from her depression. Her thousand cranes is Selden. Just as the Japanese girl could not complete her thousand, neither did Lily find respite in Selden. They were futile hopes, but it helped them stay above the waters of despair. In the end, both succumb to the depths of despair and die (“spoiler”). 

House of Mirth by Edith Wharton
“A-hem- nothing of this, eh, Selden? As one of the family, I know I may count on you- appearances are deceptive- and Fifth avenue is so imperfectly lighted (Wharton, 131)"
                In the words of Sherlock Holmes, the plot thickens. Seeing his beloved Lily leaving Trenor’s when his wife isn’t present, Selden concluded the worst. He believes that there is a romance between the two. He is disgusted because first of all, Trenor married Judy. Also, Lily fraternizes with a married man without the wife nearby. This escalates the action. Now, Selden encounters the other side of Lily Bart that he always forced out of his mind. Beforehand, he listened to the demeaning gossip at the house of Mrs. Fisher. Coupled with the the implications of Lily departing the house, the significance of the evening is too much to handle for Selden. He leaves without saying goodbye to Lily and goes to Havana. 
Mean Girls
House of Mirth by Edith Wharton
“Lily was acutely aware of her own part in this drama of innuendo: she knew the exact quality of the amusement the situation evoked (Wharton, 80).”
                At the wedding, Lily notes the heckling and stares of her fellow comrades. Gryce proposed to another woman, and everyone gossips about comedy of the transient romance of Gryce and Lily only months before. Reminding me of Mean Girls, I equate Miss Lily Bart to Cady Heron. Both are beautiful and manipulated. The society transformed them into horrid creatures, which they do not aspire to become as they attempt to fit into the rich, popular life. Resulting from conformation to the social norms, they lose their benevolent essence.Other characters of The House of Mirth appear in the movie Mean Girls. The bright, shiny “Plastics” identify closely with the Dorsets, the Trenors, and the others in high society. The teacher Mrs. Norbury simulates Mrs. Peniston because both cripples the life of the protagonist. Mrs. Peniston disagreed to repay Lily’s debts, and Mrs. Norbury failed Cady and forced her to acquire extra credit through participating in the Math-letes. Finally, I regard Miss Grace to the girl who doesn’t even go to the school. Miss Grace was so hurt by not receiving an invitation once for a dinner party that she squealed to her aunt about Lily. In this regard, both just “have a lot of feelings.” 

House of Mirth by Edith Wharton

“Ah,” she [Lily] cried, “for all your fine phrases you’re really as great a coward as I am, for you wouldn’t have made one of them [sayings] if you hadn’t been so sure of my answer (Wharton, 58).”

Not unlike Selden, we all want to be certain of our crush’s feelings. If we put ourselves on the line, we want to reap the rewards of a long, wonderful relationship. Whether it is a high school romance or a marriage, we are mortified of putting our feelings because there is a greater possibility of being hurt beyond repair. Rejection is a part of all of life’s aspects; however, if we can, we avoid the damage of refusal. For example, Lily blatantly asks if Selden would marry her albeit in a joking fashion, but he replies, “No, I don’t want to- but perhaps I should if you did!” The latter acknowledges that he cannot give Lily the riches and life that she demands from society. She would have rejected his invitation to spend their lives in unity, and so, he rejected it first. She knows the fierce fire in the heart of Selden and recognizes the returning love for him. Nevertheless, she does not consider him for marriage because he works to sustain his belongings. We, like Selden, deem ourselves to be in a position that we cannot easily break free. The stakes appear so high in either case, but so are the rewards. 

House of Mirth by Edith Wharton
“She [Lily] began to cut the pages of a novel, tranquilly studying her prey through downcast lashes while she organized a method of attack (Wharton, 13).” The idea of Lily being the hunter juxtaposed with this idea of her being caged like the hunted- “How alluring the world outside the cage appeared to Lily, as she heard its door clang on her (43)!”
Throughout the novel, I thought of Miss Lily Bart as a skilled hunter. Wharton discussed Lily’s techniques and motivations as she manipulates the people around her. She possesses an uncanny ability of manipulation, which is coupled with beauty. It makes her a strong contender for the single men, especially Gryce and Seldon. She enchants them; however, the tactics that she utilizes for the two vary dramatically. When Lily accompanies Seldon, they banter and have a good time; yet, when Gryce graces Lily’s presence, she compliments him and feigns interest in his most prized possession, his Britannica collection. This idea that Miss Bart controls every situation links to another idea that the society traps her. The rich, high class culture hounds her and forces her into a confinement. Within the prison, she hunts to survive.

As Elmer Fud searches to find Bugs, so does Lily for high society.

House of Mirth by Edith Wharton
“The precious minutes were flying, however; the big chestnuts pawed the ground and flecked their impatient sides with foam; the coachman seemed to be slowly petrifying on the box, and the groom on the doorstep; and still the lady did not come (Wharton, 41).”  ~Foreshadowing

This word “groom” within this sentence screams foreshadowing to me. It is fairly small, but unfortunately, I acquired the final occurrences of the novel. However, without the knowledge, the word groom would have just confused me. Now, I have better understanding of the end. Although Lily craves the financial security that Gryce offers, she deems him too lackluster and safe to be her husband. He goes to church and find his Britannica as his crown jewel. He only divulges money to his collection. Nevertheless, the lure of a stable, large income strengthens her desire to marry. Now, she chases him with resolve. I know that Lily Bart declines the romance between Gryce and her. From the word groom, I divine that he will ask, she says yes, but leaves him at the altar because the strict path of being his wife inhibits Lily’s will for money. 

House of Mirth by Edith Wharton
“She [Lily] knew that she hated dinginess as much as her mother had hated it, and to her last breath she meant to fight against it, dragging herself up again and again above its flood till she gained the bright pinnacles of success which presented such a slippery surface to her clutch (30).”
                The apple does not fall far from the tree. This cliché rings genuine in the instance between Lily Bart and her mother, who loved to host parties and spend money. She absolutely loved the finer things in life and despised anyone who did not value frivolity and happiness. The mother would often ask if her husband expected her to “live like a pig (23)” when he denied her something expensive. Often, there were parties in the Bart household, and Lily and she travelled to Europe for the entire summer. These memories of the luxurious life plague Lily. She desires to be rich again without the care of managing money. The influence of childhood and her maternal role model created grand expectations for the rest of Lily’s life. Before Mr. Bart died, Mrs. Bart realized the consequences. Afterwards, she exiled herself in disgrace due to the lack of money. Her last wish before she died was that Lily would fight to escape the clutches of poverty to live among the wealthy. 

House of Mirth by Edith Wharton
“We are expected to be pretty and well-dressed till we drop-and if we can’t keep it up alone, we have to go into partnership (8).”
                Despite that I read only two chapters, I have gained an interestingly vivid image of Miss Lily Bart. Confident, intelligent, and beautiful, she casts a spell over the hearts of men. She manipulates her conversations to peak a man’s interest, so that even a timid man like Mr. Percy Gryce feels comfortable. She plays men just as easily as Mozart manipulates a piano. She loves her life of manipulation; however, she ages quickly. Being thirty years old, she begins to succumb to the pressures of social order. She must marry in order to keep her way of living, but she cannot choose working man like Seldon. He adores her albeit from a distance without telling her because he acknowledges the economic distinction between them. At the end of chapter two, she sets her sights on Gryce, but he is dreadfully dull. She has an internal conflict since she desires true love, but she demands that her future husband acquire the ability to sustain Lily Bart’s dreadful spending habits. This standard comes at a high price; does she marry for love or money? Time can only tell.